Automatic telegraphy.



No. 851,071. PATENTED APR. 23, 1907. A. 0. OREHORE & G. OQSQUIER. AUTOMATIC TELBGRAPHY. APPLIOATIOK FILED JULY 12, 1902 uier 0 mm o Q mumguukw @mfimm u 3 s SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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AUTOMATIC TELBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1002.

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5201;? g zzlaier PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

R HY UH P A m E .v .Rm 0T A T n A APPLIGATION FILED JULY 12, 1902.

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i iii'elmr-vrf we will assume that the receiver employed issue 11m TED is'rn rns OF ZASHINGTON, DI

--.PATE1\1T OFFICE. x

AILBERT c OREHORE, OF TARRYTO vN, NEW YORK, AND GEORGE 0. seems,

" STRICT" or COLUMBIA.

" AUTOMATIC 'TELEGRAPHY.

No. 851,071. Specification of Letters Patent. 'ratentea April 23, 1907.

. I i Application filed July12.'1902. Serial No. 115,272.

To all whom it may concern.- I

'Be it known that we, ALBERT C. CREHORE and GEORGE O. SQUIER, citizens of the United States, and residents, respectively, of Terry- 5 tow'n lvestchester count and State of New York, and .Washington, District of Columbia,

have invented certain new and useful Improven'ients in Automatic Telegra-phy, of

whichtho following is a specification.

1o The object of the invention is to utilize a,

si'nglealternatmg current or s ne wave elec troi'no'tive .force. from a continuously operating generator to transmitintelligencc overawire in'suchform as to be readily receivedby r anf-tflwcll known main line relay, either of neutralorpolarized form, and to accomplish this resi ilt in the most desirable manner, as de-' scribed in aprcvious application No. 61 1,576, filed November 9,, 1896, patented April 22d,

. 2o 1902,-No. 698,260, inwhich the operation upon the alternating waves takes pl-ace at the Zero points only, and complete semicycles or multiples of a semicycle of the alternating current are suppressed..

orthe sake-of describing our invention the well known Whcatstonereceiver in which, as well understood in theart, a polariz'ed instrument is employed having an arm a- 39 tom that may be so adjusted that it will remain on either contact at pleasure, and that requires some force (usua-llythat derived from a current in the coils ofthe relay) to move it from 'one position to the other; It

35 also 'must remain'eithor against one stop or the" other and cannot remain in any internic diate position. i For an example of such a re.- ceiver reference may be had to the work entitl ed' 1i1 wn'ean Teleraph'y, Systems, Appara- 2 4o. tits, Operation, by illiamMaver, Jr., second "edition,- New York, 1899, pages 302 to 305, under,- the head The VVhca-tstonc Receiver.. It is libf l ll derstood, however, thatour invention' vg rfhile especialb applicable for use 5' with a' polarized or electromagnetic receirer, is notlimited to such use, but may Le emplogs fed with-any kind of receiving instrument Ziharac'ter that the-received signal or "indi'ca g3 willibefprolongcd after its initia- 5o*tipn bv'tihe positn'c pulse as hereinafter dcscribed,falthougli the succeeding-transmitting pulse may be removed from the circuit.

In the aocompanfdng drawings, Figure 1 represents the different elementary waves or combinations of waves'employed for transmitting dots, dashes and spaces according to our lnvention; Fig. 2 shows a combination of waves used to transmit the particular sesented by the straiglitblack lines in the figure; Fig. 3 illustrates a transmitting tape of waves representedin Fig. 2; F ig. 4 shows constant eleei omotive force is employed as a source of power, and the conncctlon of its eration of the transmitter. To produce a dot the battery is put to line, first with one pole, and then with the otheri to produce a com lete Wave of current. A dash is also a sing 0 wave with the'positive portion three the line to charge to a greatergextent for the dash than for the (lot, and" the employment of (la-shes conse uently retards the speed of transmissionhis defect is remedied to some extent but not completely by the use of the compensating capacity and resistanceor- (linarily inserted in the line, which has the more nearly' cqual though. the dash is still proportionately the slower. While the two speeds arethusbrought more nearly together by this con'ipensation it i done partly at the saeriiioeof the dot speed ootainable without the compensation. 1

1n ourpresent system the generator is constantly developingan alternating electrometive force and if connected to line would pro duce a sine wave alternatin current thereon tion, and the transmitter is operated in synchronism with said generator, the dash being produced by first transmitting a complete positive sinus orsemicycle of the generated currcnt'to begin the mark," then snppressin the immediately following negative'sinus an times as long as the negative. This permits quence 'of dots, dashes, spaces, &c. repre-- adapted to be usedto-scndthe combination 'the clementarj arrangements of perforations In the \Vheatstone system. as heretofore operated, a primary hattery'or other suitable poles with the circuit is reversed by the opefl'cct of making the dot and dash speeds with semicycles of practical y uniform dura- V brin in I the armature a ainst the s 'aci p g i p Fig. 1', and' removed atthe end of the first I25.

transmitting the next positizve'iand following negative sinus in successiori,,,the latter operating to terminate the dash and clear the line. To produce spaces our transmitter is 5 organized to suppress allp'os'itive half waves but'transmits all thoseof the opposite plarity produced by the generator. In thepreferred apparatus we control the generated current by the action of a tape properly per- [0 forated and fed in synchronism with the gen erating part of the apparatus, the perforations being of proper size, so as, by the dura- .tion of contactpermitted to the brush, to

end any desired number of complete semi- 1 cycles by closing and opening the circuit at instants when the current would be zero.

Referrin to Fig. 1, the combinations of waves employed, according to our invention, for transmitting dots and dashes in the z Morse'code are represented. A dot is transmitted by asingle complete wave of the alternating current including a positive and anegative semicycle. succession of dots would be transmitted by a succession ofcom- 2 5 plate waves of alternating current. The efect of this upon the receiving relay wouldbe to cause the armature to make contact with one stop for the positive semicy'cles, say the marking stop, and with the other, say/the -6 spacing stop, for the negative semicycles.

'-Whenthe, armature c-omes'against the marking stopthe ink-wheel is-brought into contact with the paper and a mark is made as long-as it remains in contact. The effect,-

. tli'erefore, of se'ndi an'alternatingcunreht through the coils of t receiver is to produce a series of dots upon the recordmgl tape, having spaces between, approximate y equal to.

' the length of the mark. If it is desired to 4:: make a dash, the combination represented at 2,.Fig. 1 is transmitted. This consists, first, ofa positive semicycle, and second, of an omitted negative semicycle;- th ird, a transmitted positive 'semicycle, and fourth, of a .5 ti'ansmitted negative semicycle, the time reguired-for the transmission being equal to our. semicycles of the electromotive force. v.g'lhe first efiect of this upon the receiver is to bring the.-armatu-reagainst the marking stop and the mark upon the tape is begun. t will be observed that the mark continue to be made upon the tape, thearmature remaining where it is left until a spacing or negative impulse of'current arrives. This does not hap- '5 5 pen with the combinat on of waves employed. until the beginning of the fourth period, when the negative impulse is transmitted. This has the effect of terminating, the mark and There 1s a.difl'erent reason for this than that ordinary lines where such transmission. is

required simply to prolong the dash. It is noticed that the transmission line is opened in order to omit the transmission of the second semicycle, which would naturally hax e been anegative or spacing one, and if the third semicycle had also been omittedthe time during which the line remained openwould have been twice as long. It is not desirable to keep the line open for a longer time than necessary, on account of the bad 7 efi'ects obtained in duplex workingby the differential or by the bridged )lan, the openingof said line having a ten ency to upset the balance required in duplex working at the distant/or receiving end of the line. In many cases where this consideration does not a ply, the combination of waves re resent-e at 3, .Fig. 1, will transmit the ash just as well as that at 2. This consists, first, of a positive semicvcle transmitted and then the immediately following ne' ative and positive semicycles being onntte or suppressed, and finally a negative semicycle transmitted 'to terminate the dash.

When .Working a receiver rapidly it is 0 found that it is not best to depend alone upon thenatural property of the polarized relay to remain against the stop where it was last left, and in practice, it is found thatthe instrument works a little better if a slight marking 9 5 bias is given it, that is, a endency to go over towards the, marking side when left atrest.

'In order to prevent the armature of the relay from going against the marking stop during times when. spaces occur in the trans rqo mission, such as that between letters and. words, it is found desirable to transmit to the line all of the negative or spacing semi- 5 cycles,' one such unit only being employed between letters, and two or more, as desired, 10 5 between WOIdS, as represented in Fig. 2 where. the transmission of three distinct semicycles of negative current is indicated in the space between the five dots at the "be inning of the succession of'signals and the '1 I0 ve succeeding dashes. It Wll be noticed that if the receiver has a marking bias, it will tend to make a mark when the current is re-.

moved between seinicycle's during a' space on which transmission were being -etl'ecte had little or no disturbed capacity, but mos interval. This would be the case if the'line 13 5" desired do have some distributed capacity,

and it is this capacity itself which assistsm' I z o* making .the record instead of hinders, as in, many" cases of transmission,.forlexam' le when a positive electromotive force-isia p ied to the line as at the beginning ofthe ash 2,

semicycle, the cur-rent, upon the line conf tinue's in the positive direction for some time after the removal of the electromotive force,

due to thisdistributd capacity, and thus the receiver actually experiences'a'pqsitive cnrfl 1 o rent which holds it to marking during the second interval when'no electromotive force is applied to the line. In the case of 3, 1, this efl'ectis extended to cover the third interval which is not necessary in the case-of 2, Fig. 1, since a positive semiwave is there transmitted. The transrmssmn of the negative semicycle, as the fourth unit, serves in .each case to terminate the mark and bring the receiver to spac' n In a similar way when the succession negative semicycles are transmitted to inaintain the receiver armature at spacing, the dlstributed capaclty of the line, in fact, causes the continuous -negative or spacing current to flow through the receiver and does not'allow the receiver to make a mark between the intervals of negative electromotive force transmitted.

This has the advantage of preventing any stray induced current efiects from neighboring'te'legraph wires influencing the receiver "durin spacing intervals.

Re erring to 4, the elementary arrange- .ments of perforations for dot, dash and space -respectively in the transmitter tape used with. the "arrangement of devices s i Fig. 4, are representedin the three s uare own in s aces under respectively, the words f 0t,

dash and .spacing. For the dot there ;wo 1ld. 'be';the, small hole representing the. I feed-hole, and the lar e hole against it of .fsufli'cient dimensions ongitudinally'of the.

, tape to transmit one complete wave-of the al ternatin current. For a space there J another hole located to transmit a complete .seinicyclebf spacing current. For the dash four holes are erforated, the twosmallerof' isone sin 1 holegwhich is the feed-hole, and

' which are the eed-holes. Of the other two the first one transmits the first positive semithus suppresses the next succeeding negative semicycle, after which the lar e hole completes the dash by transmitting st the. 4 positive and then the ne ative semicycle as at 2, Fig. 1.

It will be 0 served that in this 2 arrangementthe perforations which 'trans mit' spacing semicycles are laced on a different horizontal linefrom t 1088 which transmit semigcles used in the production of dashes. 3 ence the characters on the tape my be, much more easily read, and the perforator is simplified. Y

' Referring now to the organization of appa- 1a- 'ratus indicated in Fig. 5, we have shown grammatically a generator of alternating current and a synchronouslyoperated transmitting tape upon which bears a suitable transmitting brush, said tape being perforated with the'combinations of holes shown in Fig. 3, which is adapted to produce signals andi fspaces such as indicated in Fig. 2, by

modifying the alternating current of the gen- -'pins on the star-wheel erator as indicated by the wavy line in that figure.

Referring to Fig. 5, A represents a generator ofalternating or sine wave currents consisting of a revolving armature in a constant field having terminals 5 and 6 consisting of brushes bearin upon collector rings. One terminal'5 of t e generator is connected to earth and the other terminal 6 is connected to a platinum-covered cylinder 0 upon which the brushes B bear in such a manner as to be adapted to make contact through the transmitting tape T. The brush B is connected to line L. -In this figure the relative position.

of the perforations in the tape appears distortcd owing to the fact that the tape is shown in perspective. It will be understood,

however, that the actual relative position is as shown in the previous figures. The section of transmitting tape transmits five dots, followed by three spaces, and then-by five dashes, followed by one space, and then the letter A consisting of a dot, dash, followed by one s ace, and finally the letter B consisting of a ash and threedots.

The central line of uniformly spaced holes in the transmitting tage'is engaged by the which starswheel is directly coupled to the revolving armature of the generator A, and has the requisite number of pins to advance the tape forward a distance equal to that from center to center of consecutive feed-holes while the armature is generating one complete wave of electromotive force, including'the positive and negative semicyclel' e As represented in Fig. 5, there are ten pins TOO to the star-wheels and twenty-poles in the generator A, and the generator must revolve twice the angular distance from one pole-to the next in order to enerate a complete wave of electrdmotive orce, and in order to advance the tape T adistance e ual to at from center to center of the fee -holes. If,

therefore, a hole is perforated in the tape having a diameter approximately e ual. to the.

distance from center to center 0 the feedholes in'such a position that-the brush B is allowed tomake contact .With the cylinder 0 as the tape passes beneath the brush, it will be noticed that the duration of contact of brush. Bwith the cylinder C. lasts for one complete wave and thus transmits a single dot as at 1. Fig. 1.. -As this (lot is to be followed by another dot the next hole Fig. 3, is made of the same size, and adjacent to the first hole, so that for "a succession offive dots a successipn of five holes is made which cuts away all of the aper or substance of the tape between the ho es, allowing the brush which begins to make contact at the beginning of the first hole to remain in contact until it tape T, Fig. 3, following the succession of dots is a small hole below the line of feedholes, just previously to which, however, the

' 1 5' brush remains in contact with the paper sufficiently long to cut out the first positive semicycle to wing the transmission of the last complete wave by which the last of the five dots is transmitted. This hole has a 20 diameter of the proper amount to allow of contact with the brush B, (which is electrically one brush having two arms, one on either side of the feed-holes on'the same longitudinal -.-line across the tape,) for a time .2 equal to that of a semicycle, and its position is such that it is the negative or spacing seniicycle which is transmitted through it. Then I follow two-other similar spacing holes ea'ch allowi the transmission of a single negative 1 3o semicyc e, thus producin in all three negae tive'ise'micycles separate from one-anotherby the space of a single-positive semicycle and 'roducing a space on the record as indicated in Fig. 2, between the five dots and the 35 five dashe then follows immediatelyfin the lowerrewr first the small and then the large hole of the first dash,'this being repeated five times as' h'own; the final'large hole of the last dashlis followed by a spacmghole as ino--dicated, immediatelypreceding which the "3 brush is kept out of contact with the cylinder to eliminate the positive-semicycle which .fol-

- lows immediately upon the-terininating'negai-tiye,semicycl'e of the lastdash; then comes, loatheopposite side of the feeding row of holes, the large perforation which sends a dot, followed immediately by the small and large perforation for the succeeding 'da'sh;

then comes a spacing perforation after-which 5.0 comes another l'ar e and-small hole for the dash followed by -t e perforations on the oppcsite side of the feedin row of holes which produce thesuccession three dots j t Fig c shows amodi-ficatibli' which-the ;.a'pe 'l is-driven by asynchronous-{motor M,

and this synchronous motor, havingia per? 0 manent t field, is o 'erated b"-the neratoinA which supplies t ecurrex'iii both for driving the-motor and for suppl ing the tale 6o graphie current to the line.

- transmission is sometimes preferred, ,dgi faccount of the smaller space which theis chfonous motor occilpies in a telegraph cilia.

A The arrangement rmits the generator A to .65 bezplacedat anyi onvenient peint'and en- This effect is his ti e:

ables one to employ an ordinary commercial alternating current for the purposes of telegraphy.

The invention claimed is--- f 1. A perforated tape for telegraph transmission, having spacnigand character perforations distingulshed from" one another by being located on different longitudinal lines combined with a generator and transmitter adapted to transmit currents over the line by the said spacing perforations.

2. In a telegraph apparatus, the combination with a generator of alternating current,

of a transmitting a' paratus synchronously driven and adapte as described tousend dashes or prolonged signals by permitting first a semicycle of one polarity of'current to goito line, then omitting a semicycle of the mittin scribe to transmit and terminate'agdash by sending first a positive semi'cyole ofithe gen" erated alternatmg current, omitting'the next ornegative semicycl'e, then transmitting the next positive semlcycle and finallya negative seinic cle, as and for the purpose described.

4; n a telegra hic apparatus, the combination substantia ly as described with a-conlOO tinuously operating alternating current n- I erator,:of atransm1tt ing apparatus sync onously operated and organized to transmit and terminate dashes or prolonged signals in the time of four, complete semieycles b send ing first a'semicycle of one polarityan finallyl'l a semicycle'of the opposite polarity, one or- 7 both of the two intermediate s'emicy'clesrbe in omitted, -as .and for the purpose,. d.6'-' scribed.

5.'The improvement in methods of tel'e graphing by an'alternating current generator, consisting in producing prolonged spacing by'sending a succession of semleycles of' onepolarity and omitti interrnedi ate semipurpose descn cycles of the oppel'sitep'o anty asand for the e v A 6. Ina telegraph apparatus, tion with a generatingapparatus ada tedto produce pulses-of current-of opposite po arity, If

f a synchronously operating transmitter.

adapted to send dots or short signals by trans! t mittingto the line a semicycle of one pol arity:

followed immediatelyby a semieycle ofrthe opposite polarity s prolonged 's'igna by, sending to the line first a senucycle'of one polarity, then suppressing: the current for the ofthe next succeed ing pulse of currentjproduced 'by the 'ener ator, and finally :jthetime O and to transmit dashes or e 9 nously' operating transmitter-having a trans;

tape perforated in the manner de- 1 a transmitting tape organized to send dots v by permitting a complete Wave of the alternating current to go to line, and to transmit dashes or prolonged signals in the time of l l l 1 two complete Waves by sending the first semlcycle of the first wave and the last semicycle of the second Wave, the corresponding semicyole of the first Wave being omitted.

8. 1n a telegraph apparatus, the combination with means for. generating a regularly recurring series of current pulses positive and negative, of a synchronously operating transmitter controlling the flow of said pulses to line and operating inthe manner described to transmit dots by sending a pulse of one polarity followed immediately by a pulse of the opposite polarity, and to send dashes or prolonged signals in double the time of the short signals or'dots by transmitting a pulse of one polarity and in the time of the fourth pulse transmittinga pulse of the opposite polarity, the current being removed from the line in the time of one or both of the two intermediate pulses.

9. The herein described method of telegraphing by an' alternating current generator, consisting in sending a prolonged signal of June A. D. 1902.

by first permitting a pulse of said generator of one polarity to flow to line, then suppressing pulses to cause the signal to be lengthened by the charge produced by the initial pulse,'and linally permitting a pulse of said generator of the opposite polarity to the initial pulse to [low in order to terminate the;

signal.

10. The herein described method of trans-. mitting lengthened signals froman alternating current generator, consisting in permit ting a pulse of one polarity to flow to line lrom said generator, winding up the signal by pernntting a pul ity to fl'ow to line l'rom said generator and omitting one or more of the intermediate pulsesbet-Ween the initial pulse and final pulse and of the same character as the initial pulse for the purpose of prolonging the action on the receiver by the SJCtlOH'Qf the charge on the line produced by the initial pulse flowing from said generator.

Signed at New York, in the county of ew York and State of New York this 26th day ALBERT U, CREHO RE. GEORGE O. SQUIER.

l/Vitnesses:

J. GALLWITZ, E. L. LAWLER.

se of the opposite polar-- 

